Global health surveillance is about ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to be as healthy as possible in today's globalized world. According to the World Health Organization declarations, every person should have access to essential health services to the extent needed, without financial hardship and without discrimination. In this way, the global health surveillance project can become a reality. In the first decade of the 21st century, several events have further emphasized the global common interest in and vulnerability to infectious diseases. Although efforts to address the issue have been made for many years, either on an individual or country basis, achievements have been limited. The Health for All target for the year 2000, set by the World Health Assembly in 1977, has not yet been achieved. Today, in low- and middle-income countries, 15 thousand people die daily because they cannot access health institutions. There is a twenty-year difference in life expectancy by income status and 94% of maternal deaths occur in developing countries. Even among people living in the same country, health problems can occur due to inequalities in colour, language, and religion. This has been most clearly demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a chronic lack of investment in social protection programs. The health needs of the poorest and most marginalized continue to grow - due to malnutrition, lack of access to water and decent housing. Unfortunately, concerned civil society and communities continue to be excluded from decision-making processes. Global health management is traditionally managed by the World Health Organization (WHO). UNICEF, with the support of organizations such as the UN, has been trying to continue its efforts to combat various infectious diseases with the funds they have provided for years (AIDS; TB, Malaria, COVID-19). However, the desired success has still not been achieved due to reasons such as the inability of the organization to provide sufficient financial resources and some political or coordination deficiencies. Global public health surveillance is critical for identifying and preventing emerging diseases, both communicable and non-communicable, which account for the largest burden of disease. It must provide timely health information so that countries have the information they need to combat outbreaks now, or plan for the future. Many public health problems, such as smallpox and polio, have been effectively addressed through the development and maintenance of tracking systems. The next decade in global health will require a new level of global cooperation and new ways of working. To do so, developed countries need to consider other countries' interests as well as their own national interests. Today's world is grappling with sudden global pandemics as well as an increasing number of non-communicable diseases. This book will address sustainable global health practices from the past to the present, as well as the prospects for the future and what can be done.