Introductory Chapter: From Biomass to Bio-Based Products

1. Introduction

Fossil resources have served the global economy well, creating wealth and human well-being unprecedented in recent decades. However, the issue is that there is no future for an economy powered by the consumption of nonrenewable fossils. It is time for change to build an economy that works for people and the planet [1, 2].

Leaders in all disciplines are tracing a course to meet the needs of an ever-increasing population and stem the uncontrolled climate change that threatens to lead to the collapse of civilization as we know it [3]. That threat hangs like a sword over our heads. Therefore, every option is important, every choice is important, and every action matters. Moving toward the transition to a bio-based economy is part of this puzzle. Furthermore, for various reasons, the transition to a bio-economy can bring the planetary boundaries back into safe operating space [4].

In this vision, with nature back at the heart of the economy, the prognosis is for equitable and resilient growth. In general, bio-based products are more efficient in the use of resources, are by definition renewable and less polluting, and are more likely to heed the appeal to circularity. Industries that produce renewable bio-based products from biomass are creating durable green jobs that pave the way for long-term sustainable development [5].

Furthermore, the bio-based products market is predicted to be a leading market. Demand for renewable and bio-based products will increase in response to market pressure driven by investors, media, regulators, and other stakeholders moving toward sustainability [6]. In particular, the support of governments, introducing regulations and promoting their adoption in different sectors, has been the backbone for incorporating demand. Reducing barriers to introducing biological products in the market and identifying them as one of the priority lines to focus investments and innovation is a sensible approach to meet the diverse demands of today’s world [7].

2. Conclusion

The linear economy and overly reliant on fossil fuels is about to reach its physical limitations. The transition to a biocircular economy seems to have gone from an option to an urgent imperative. Thus, against this background, in this book, the chapters presented intend to explore the use of biomass for energy, chemicals and materials, food and feed, pharmaceuticals and personal care, and bioremediation and address key issues including market, legal issues, technological nodes, and disruptive technologies capable of unlocking the black box of biomass-based technology. This book brings together the latest advances for those already working in the field and, simultaneously, provides an overview for those attentive to the promises of biomass as a source of a myriad of specialty products.