Over the last two decades, there has been significant progress in gender equality in the spheres of education and health. Gender disparities in economic life, however, remain persistent. As compared to men, women have lower participation in the labor force, are employed at a lower rate, and have a higher unemployment rate. Women continue to face obstacles when trying to enter the workforce, struggle to find and secure employment, and deal with generally insecure/informal working conditions, inequitable care work responsibilities, and unequal wages. In 2022, women earned 17% less than men on average. Glass walls mirrored through gender-segregated occupations and industries support existing gender stereotypes, widen the gender pay gap, restrict women’s access to particular occupations and positions, and maintain unequal gender power relations in both the public and private spheres. Similarly, the glass ceiling is unbroken. When employed women are less likely to be in decision-making roles and particularly in the senior leadership positions, there are considerably more men than women. Women are also not a homogeneous group and face multiple discriminations based on their nationality, ethnic origin, religion, disability, age, and gender identity or sexual orientation. Based on the progress between 2006 and 2023, the World Economic Forum estimates that 169 years are required to close the gender gaps in economic participation and opportunities globally. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of gender (in)equality in economic life with a specific focus on gender gaps in earnings. What is the extent of gender disparities in the labor markets and earnings across the world? What are the causes and consequences of these gender disparities? What are the reasons for earnings gaps? How does household economics, particularly unpaid care work, intersect with gender disparities in the labour markets? What has been done to improve the gender gaps in economic life and earnings?