Historically, labor and delivery have been managed differently, and there are many texts/scrolls describing the birthing process to confirm this statement. With this book, we would like for laypersons and professionals alike to gain a historical and current perspective on the evolution of the fields of midwifery, obstetrics, maternal-fetal medicine, and fetal intervention (medications, intrauterine transfusion, fetal surgery, placental laser coagulation, etc). In this book, scientific information and medical knowledge learned over the centuries and the current state of management will be discussed. The key contributing factors leading to poor health outcomes during labor and delivery (preeclampsia, preterm labor, intraamniotic infection and inflammation, placental abruption, fetal growth restriction, macrosomia) will be discussed as well as the current literature regarding sFLT-1/PLGF ratio in the evaluation of suspected preeclampsia. This will transition to a discussion of how healthcare is delivered around the world, with a focus on health disparities and maternal and neonatal outcomes. A compare/contrast style regarding yearly expenditure and health outcomes, preferably with evaluations such as cost-benefit or quality-adjusted life year, as appropriate, from current literature. We hope that this book will be an in-depth review of current public health measures and initiatives being performed, the roles of political advocacy and political commitment, and the importance of advancing maternal, fetal, and neonatal health. This should include the work of organizations such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization, the Pan-American Health Organization, and the Doctors without Borders, among others.