Chapters authored
Application of New Nanostructured Materials in Furcation Defects Therapy
The potential use of calcium phosphate cements in endodontic therapy is an active area of research. Hydroxyapatite is one of the most commonly used calcium phosphate materials in medicine and dentistry. Biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite is closely related to its chemical composition, similar to dental and bony tissues. Recent studies have focused on new and modified formulations of calcium-phosphate-based biomaterials with improved mechanical and maintained favorable biological properties. Recently, two non-commercial new nanomaterials based on calcium silicates and hydroxyapatite have been synthesized. One is a calcium silicate system of tricalcium and dicalcium silicates (CS), and the other one is a mixture of the calcium silicate system and hydroxyapatite (HA-CS). Both CS and HA-CS are nanostructural materials. Particle size affects cement hydration and consequently setting time and final quality of the cement. Fast setting is a clear clinical advantage while cement composition and internal nanostructure are expected to provide biological behavior in vital tissues. The problem with furcation perforation repair is still not agreed upon as no currently available materials meet all the requirements of an ideal repair material as defined in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the tissue reaction of two new repair materials for furcation perforations.
Part of the book: Molecular Histopathology and Cytopathology
A Brief Overview and Application of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy in Dentistry
Nickel-titanium alloys are the most common shape memory alloys (SMA) widely used in dentistry. The attractive properties of Ni-Ti BioSMAs (shape memory effect, superelasticity, good corrosion, wear resistance, and good biocompatibility) make them highly desirable candidates for the design of implants, prosthetic components, orthodontic wires, and endodontic files. The aim of this chapter is to present the advantages of Ni-Ti alloy in dentistry through a selection of optimal chemical composition and various surface treatments (mechanical polishing, electrochemical polishing, chemical etching in acid solutions, heat treatment). The osteoconductivity of the Ni-Ti alloy on human bone cells and the anticorrosive and antibacterial effects of nanocoating orthodontic wires were tested. The results on human bone cells suggested good adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells to nickel-titanium surfaces, which could improve osseointegration of the potential dental implants. A study of magnetron sputtering method (MS) with TiN-Cu-nanocoatings on orthodontic archwires showed favorable results in corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties. Future improvement of mechanical properties is focused on applying various methods of surface modifications, especially applying coatings with antibacterial properties.
Part of the book: Titanium-Based Alloys