Chapters authored
Application of Fluorescent CQDs for Enhancing the Performance of Solar Cells and WLEDs
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are emerging as promising materials for applications like flexible or transparent solar cell, white light emitting diodes (WLEDs), etc. due to their low cost, eco-friendliness, substantial absorption coefficient, wide absorption spectrum, tuneable optical properties, good charge transfer/separation ability, good quantum yield and large two-photon absorption cross-section. They have been employed in solar cells as active absorbing layers, electron acceptors/donors, electron sinks, electron transporting layers (ETL), hole transporting layers (HTLs), dopants, and interlayer spacing. Consequently, such solar cells have exhibited enhanced performance. In contrast to commercial rare-earth phosphors and traditional semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) (usually toxic), CQDs exhibit wide range of emission characteristics [full width half maxima (FWHM) > 80 nm]. Interestingly, the emission characteristics of these nanomaterials are tuneable which makes them suitable for WLEDs applications. Red-CQDs are gaining importance as they are required to realize the warm WLEDs. Though a lot of work has been done to modulate the properties of CQDs in order to enhance the performance of solar cells and WLEDs, there are immense possibilities to further exploit the potential of CQDs in these applications.
Part of the book: Quantum Dots
Biomedical Applications of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONS) as a Theranostic Agent
Nowadays, nanoparticles are used in a variety of biological applications where they enhance treatments and laboratory tests. Due to their distinctive properties and minor adverse effects, nanoparticles are being used more specifically for medication delivery, not only in the treatment of cancer but also for other diseases. Magnetic nanoparticles like SPION (superparamagnetic Iron Oxide nanoparticles) are regarded to be the most viable in the midst of these materials. SPION are frequently used in biomedical applications due to their low cost and lack of toxicity. Within the developing field of nanomedicine, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are basic technological classes that have been widely studied for cancer imaging and treatment. Additionally, SPION employ super paramagnets, which seem to be beneficial for focusing on particular tumor areas within a body. For instance, the superparamagnetic abilities of magnetite (Fe3O4), which are frequently utilized in delivery of drug, diagnosis and therapy. SPION was envisioned as a tool for the “golden therapeutic era” since it minimized cellular absorption by macrophages, targeted cancer cells preferentially while sparing healthy cells, monitored cancer cells before and after therapy, and controlled drug release. In order to give a concise overview of SPION, there will be focus on their biomedical applications includes hyperthermia (HT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic drug targeting (MDT), gene delivery as well as nanomedicine.
Part of the book: Iron Ores and Iron Oxides