Part of the book: Optical Sensors
Part of the book: Energy Efficiency Improvements in Smart Grid Components
In the first portion of this chapter, a short review on all-optical processing is presented. Following the ideas of all-optical processing, a basic unit cell is introduced for the realization of these systems. To this end, an all-optical semiconductor optical amplifier based on quantum dots (QD-SOA) is presented and used as the basic unit cell. Then, a novel scheme for a high-speed all-optical half-adder based on quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers has been theoretically and extensively analyzed. We accelerate the gain recovery process in QD-SOA with a control pulse (CP) using the cross-gain modulation (XGM) effect in QD-SOA (based on a novel work reported by Rostami et al published in IEEE J. Quantum Electron in 2010). In this proposed scheme, a pair of input data streams simultaneously drives the switch to produce sum and carry. The proposed scheme is driven by the pair of input data streasms for one switch between which the Boolean XOR function is to be executed to produce a sum-bit. Then, one of the input data is utilized to drive the second switch and another is used as input data for it to produce a carry-bit. In the proposed structure, we need to use an optical attenuator to reduce the power level of the optical signal. Thee, data pulse is at least an order of magnitude stronger than the incoming pulse; thereforehowever, only the input pulse can alter QD-SOA’s optical properties. Also, an all-optical cross-phase modulation (XPM) wavelength converter has been utilized to obtain an all-optical AND gate, which is logic CARRY. Logic SUM and CARRY are simultaneously realized in the proposed structure. The operation of the system is evaluated and demonstrated with a Tb/s bit rate. The proposed structure is mathematically modeled by writing rate equations and then is numerically simulated with success. High-speed operation capabilities of the proposed all-optical half-adder structure are evaluated by numerical simulation.
Part of the book: Some Advanced Functionalities of Optical Amplifiers
In this chapter, morphology variation and electronic structure in a surface-modified graphene are demonstrated by both calculation and experimental results. The results indicate that the band structure and morphology of modified graphene sheets are altered because of changing in the type of hybridization of carbon atoms in the graphene sheet. Accordingly, the band gap of graphene can be tuned by surface modification using organic molecules. Then, modified graphene is used for fabrication of infrared detectors. The properties of unmodified graphene photodetectors were also measured so as to compare with modified graphene photodetectors. The results demonstrate that modification of graphene using organic ligands improved the detection parameters such as fast response time, electrical stability and low dark current. Moreover, the sensitivity of photodetectors based on modified graphene was significantly improved.
Part of the book: Graphene Materials
Understanding phononic wave propagation in nonlinear and coupled media is inevitable in designing devices to harness phonons. In photonics, the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NSE) and coupled mode theory (CMT) are extensively used to manipulate the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves. Since phonons as the quasi-particles related to mechanical vibrations are similar to their photonic counterparts (photons), inspired by EM, the NSE and CMT are developed for elastic or phononic waves. In the first section, from the novel point of view, the nonlinearity is dealt with and consequently applied to the equation of motion to derive the NSE. In the following, a hard limiter is introduced as an application of nonlinear wave propagation. The coupled-mode equations are obtained for the elastic slab waveguides in the second section. These equations are applied to explain the wave propagation in two parallel and nonparallel waveguides.
Part of the book: Phonons - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working title]