Chapters authored
Immunomodulatory Effects of a M2-Conditioned Medium (PRS® CK STORM): Theory on the Possible Complex Mechanism of Action through Anti-Inflammatory Modulation of the TLR System and the Purinergic System
Co-culture of primary or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with M2 macrophages produces a very special conditioned medium with a recognizable and stable cytokine pattern (PRS CK STORM), independent of the donor, with unique anti-inflammatory properties. This product can regulate certain pathways of inflammation in an anti-inflammatory manner, including TLR3, TLR4, the inflammasome, and the purinergic system. The anti-inflammatory action of PRS CK STORM is demonstrated both by its composition and by its action in in vitro and in vivo inflammatory models. The study of the mechanism of action showed changes in the pattern of toll-like receptors (TLR) and purinergic receptors, with an increase in the relative expression of mRNA encoding A2a and A3 receptors, together with a decrease in the relative expression of mRNA encoding P2X7 receptors. Second, it mitigated the adverse effects of a systemic inflammatory process in mice, especially in comparison with a known anti-inflammatory drug (Anakinra). Thus, due to its profile in terms of biosafety and efficacy, PRS CK STORM may be a strong candidate to treat inflammatory processes, such as cytokine storm associated with severe infectious processes, including COVID-19.
Part of the book: Purinergic System