Chapters authored
From Rings to Remedies: Investigating the Structure-activity Relationship of Macrocyclic Anticancer Agents
The profound pharmacological attributes of macrocyclic compounds have spurred their transformation into pharmaceutical drugs. Within conformationally pre-organized ring structures, the macrocycle’s intricate functions and stereochemical complexity contribute to a heightened affinity and selectivity for protein targets. Simultaneously, they maintain sufficient bioavailability to penetrate intracellular locations. As a result, the construction of macrocycles emerges as an optimal strategy for addressing the challenge of “undruggable” targets like cancer. Cancer stands as the second most prevalent and formidable threat to human life, prompting researchers to channel their efforts toward the extraction and synthesis of effective therapeutic drugs designed on macrocyles to combat various types of cancer cells. Many macrocyclic drugs have been licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cancer patients. Nonetheless, the significance of these compounds in the production of cancer therapeutics is still undervalued. According to recent research, macrocyclic compounds can be a useful tactic in the fight against drug resistance in the treatment of cancer. This chapter aims to present bits of evidence about the uses of macrocyclic compounds as potential cancer treatments. By providing more innovative approaches to aid cancer patients and society as a whole, this chapter will hopefully stimulate greater interest in the development of macrocyclic medicines for cancer therapy.
Part of the book: Heterocyclic Chemistry - New Perspectives [Working title]
Role of Phytochemicals in Management of Schizophrenia
Bioactive substances derived from plants, created by them for defense, are known as phytochemicals. Alkaloids, glycosides, polyphenols, terpenes and terpenoids, phytosterols, cannabinoids and carotenoids are the different categories of phytochemicals. Schizophrenia is associated with changes in the structure of the brain, decrease of dendritic spines from pyramidal neurons in the cortex, loss of gray matter and enlarged ventricles. Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized behavior and amotivation are some symptoms of schizophrenia. Phytochemicals are a key component of the management of schizophrenia. Alkaloids can operate as cholinergic agonists on muscarinic receptors and improve memory deficits. Glycosides target ErbB signaling, inhibit D3/D4 receptors and change dopamine and serotonin metabolism. Because of their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, polyphenols display neuroprotective and anti-schizophrenic activity. Terpenes and terpenoids act on the glutamate and dopamine pathways and inhibit glycinergic action. Cannabinoids have an anti-schizophrenic effect plus boost GABAergic activity and prevent serotonin uptake. Phytosterols have antipsychotic potential by blocking ketamine-induced biochemical, histological and behavioral changes. Because they regulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), carotenoids show significant potential for treating a variety of central nervous system problems. They are also an excellent antipsychotic medication.
Part of the book: New Approaches to the Management and Diagnosis of Schizophrenia [Working title]