Chapters authored
In Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity, Potential to Induce Autophagy/Mitophagy, and Mitochondrial Turnover of Natural Compounds for Cytotoxicity Studies
The dynamic process of intracellular reduction-oxidation status (redox homeostasis) is influenced by various factors, with mitochondria being one of the most significant contributors. Mitochondria play a crucial role in the bioenergetic pathway, fulfilling the metabolic energy demands of cells. To maintain increased energy requirements, mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion are employed, while decreased energy demands or damaged mitochondria are addressed through fission and autophagic removal, known as mitophagy. Any disruption in these adaptive responses can compromise redox homeostasis and cellular function, and make cells more vulnerable to oxidative stress, resulting in oxidative DNA damage, inflammatory responses, and apoptotic/anti-apoptotic reactions. Such dysregulation contributes to the development of “free radical diseases” like metabolic disorders and cancer. Traditional medicines and herbs (possessing antioxidant and autophagic properties) have been utilized for centuries in the treatment of various diseases; however, it is only recently that researchers have begun to investigate their molecular, cellular, and tissue-level modes of action. Nevertheless, concerns about their cytotoxicity have also arisen. This manuscript focuses on the current technological advancements in assessing the properties of plant-based natural compounds. Both cell-free and cell-based methods are employed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these compounds, allowing for their scientific evaluation and validation.
Part of the book: Technologies in Cell Culture
From Plant to Patient: The Metabolic Benefits of Phytoestrogens
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the potential health benefits of phytoestrogens, a diverse group of naturally occurring compounds found in plants. These compounds, with structural similarities to estrogen, are found in foods such as soybeans, flaxseeds and sesame seeds, and are studied for their roles in modulating hormonal activity and antioxidant properties. Their estrogen-like functions make them particularly interesting in managing conditions exacerbated by hormonal imbalances, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoporosis. Phytoestrogens enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, while their anti-oxidant properties neutralize free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation. They also influence fat metabolism and reduce adipogenesis, addressing oxidative stress and inflammation. Their estrogenic effects improve bone mineral density and reduce fracture risks, particularly in postmenopausal women, highlighting their broad potential in metabolic disease management. This growing body of research suggests that phytoestrogens, due to their unique properties and diverse mechanisms of action, could be a valuable addition to dietary and therapeutic strategies in the prevention and management of various metabolic diseases. This chapter delves into the multifaceted roles of phytoestrogens in metabolic disorders, with a special focus on their antioxidant properties.
Part of the book: Herbs and Spices - New Perspectives in Human Health and Food Industry [Working title]