Myanmar medicinal plants and their traditional (or) local uses.
Abstract
Plants are the storage place for many active ingredients that are currently used in pharmaceuticals. Proofs have been expanded for ages to indicate the profitable capacity of medicinal plants used in various infections, especially for cancer treatment. The plants, Chromolaena odorata (Family Asteraceae), Croton oblongifolius Roxb. (Family Euphorbiaceae), Tinospora cordifolia (Family Menispermaceae), Melastoma malabathricum L. (Family Melastomaceae), and Dioscorea bulbifera (Family Dioscoreaceae) have been used for a long time in Myanmar’s traditional medicine. This study aimed to review systematically the cytotoxic activity of the whole plants and their extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from these selected medicinal plants. This chapter also be substantiated for additional analysis on phytochemical constituents and pharmacological action of therapeutic plants species in Myanmar.
Keywords
- cytotoxic activity
- Myanmar
- medicinal plants
- isolated compounds
- secondary metabolite
1. Introduction
Cancer is defined as the abnormal proliferation of cells in our bodies, which can result in death. As a result, there is currently no effective cancer therapy available, and the disease has the potential to spread globally. Plants are a rich source of novel bioactive compounds. This is because of their innate biological capabilities, which have the potential to be used in medicine and other disciplines of human health promotion. There is a significant need for new anticancer medications that are more effective and less damaging to healthy cells, such as plant-derived substances. The preliminary strategy for identifying active chemicals in plants is cytotoxic screening [1, 2, 3].
Our main focus for this chapter is secondary metabolites derived from the plant’s kingdom, i.e.,
Plants name | Family | Local name | Traditional/local uses |
---|---|---|---|
Asteraceae | Bhi-sub | stomachache, cancer, and urinary tract infection | |
Euphorbiaceae | Thet-yin-gyi | diarrhea and liver disorders | |
Menispermaceae | Sin-don-ma-nwe | diabetes and hypertension | |
Melastomaceae | Say-aoe-bote | various kinds of cancer, toothache, diabetes, asthma, and lung disorders | |
Dioscoreaceae | Myauk-U | breast cancer and cervix cancer |
Table 1.
2. Secondary metabolites
Secondary metabolites can be found in abundance in plants. They are the focus of several research since they have a wide range of biological actions. Scientific reports have demonstrated the medicinal value of various parts of plant species (
3. Cytotoxic activity of asteraceae
In 2013, Kouamé and his coworkers isolated 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanone, 2′-hydroxy-4,4′,5′,6′-tetramethoxychalcone, and cadalene from the hexane soluble fraction of
![](http://cdnintech.com/media/chapter/82152/1700038529/media/F1.png)
Figure 1.
Cytotoxic compounds from
4. Cytotoxic activity of euphorbiaceae
Numerous investigations indicated that the
![](http://cdnintech.com/media/chapter/82152/1700038529/media/F2.png)
Figure 2.
Cytotoxic compounds from
5. Cytotoxic activity of menispermaceae
In 2010, Uddin and his coworkers tested the cytotoxicity of various fractions (pet ether, CCl4, CHCl3, and aqueous soluble fraction) of
![](http://cdnintech.com/media/chapter/82152/1700038529/media/F3.png)
Figure 3.
Cytotoxic compounds from
6. Cytotoxic activity of Melastomaceae
The cytotoxic effect of the ethyl acetate fraction from
![](http://cdnintech.com/media/chapter/82152/1700038529/media/F4.png)
Figure 4.
Cytotoxic compounds from
7. Cytotoxic activity of dioscoreaceae
Several studies have been performed to examine the cytotoxic activity of constituents in
![](http://cdnintech.com/media/chapter/82152/1700038529/media/F5.png)
Figure 5.
Cytotoxic compounds from
8. Conclusions
Several investigations have been conducted on the bioactivities of Myanmar medicinal herbs. Novel anticancer medicines and lead compounds are still abundant in higher plants. The key benefits of anticancer natural compounds are their low toxicity, low cost, and wide range of modes of action. In this chapter, we examined and studied the potential of Myanmar medicinal plants as a source of cytotoxic compounds. Although several of these plants’ metabolites exhibited potential bioactivities, some of them were determined to be inert or to have weak activities in present investigations. This chapter will surely assist academics and practitioners working with these specific plant species in determining the best application for them. Because the majority of cytotoxic effects are evaluated in vitro, their therapeutic advantages may not be adequately demonstrated. Animal models and human trials should be used in a future study to assess how effective they are at providing a platform for enhancing anticancer therapeutic approaches.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to: (1) Daw Ni Ni Aung at the Department of Botany, Lashio University for her valuable support, and (2) Universitas Airlangga for the funding support.
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